Jashan-e-Eid-e-Ghadeer, The joyous celebration of Eid al-Ghadir, a significant holiday for Shia Muslims and Alawites, observed on the 18th of Dhu al-Hijjah in the Islamic lunar calendar. The term “Jashan” translates from Urdu to “celebration” or “gala,” signifying a festive event filled with joy and reverence. Eid al-Ghadir commemorates the event at Ghadir Khumm in 10 AH (March 632 CE), when, according to Shia tradition, the Prophet Muhammad, during his final pilgrimage, declared Ali ibn Abi Talib as his successor with the famous statement: “For whomsoever I am Mawla, Ali is also their Mawla.” The word “Mawla” is interpreted as “master” or “leader,” marking Ali’s appointment as the leader of the Muslim community, a foundational moment in Shia Islam. This event is seen as the completion and perfection of Islam, often referred to as “Eid-e Bozorg-e Elahi” (the greatest divine Eid), “Yom Al-Wilayah” (Day of Guardianship), or “Ashraf al-A’yaad” (the supreme Eid).
Celebration: Eid al-Ghadir is celebrated with great enthusiasm in Shia communities worldwide, including countries like Iran, Iraq, Pakistan, India, Azerbaijan, Yemen, and others, as well as among Shia Muslims in Europe and the Americas. The celebrations are marked by:
1. Religious Gatherings and Ceremonies:
• Shia Muslims gather in mosques or community centers for special prayers, recitations of the Quran, and sermons recounting the significance of the Ghadir Khumm event.
• In historical accounts, figures like Hassan ibn Ali held ceremonies in Kufa, accompanied by Ali and his followers, where gifts were distributed.
• The event is seen as a time to renew allegiance to the Ahlul Bayt (the Prophet’s family) and pray for the hastened return of Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi, the 12th Imam.
2. Festive Activities:
• Communities organize processions, feasts, and cultural events. In 2024, Yemen saw massive celebrations with fireworks, bands, and speeches, especially under the Zaydi Shia government, where it is called “Yom Al-Wilaya.”
• People wear new or their best attire, exchange gifts, and share sweets, fostering a carnival-like atmosphere in places like Bangladesh during similar Islamic celebrations.
• The act of smiling at fellow believers and adorning oneself is believed to bring divine rewards, such as forgiveness of sins and blessings for the year ahead, as per traditions narrated by Shia scholars like Sayed Ibn Tawoos.
3. Spiritual Practices:
• Fasting on the 18th of Dhu al-Hijjah is highly recommended, with narrations suggesting it carries the reward equivalent to fasting for 60 months.
• Performing Ghusl (ritual ablution) is a common practice, as noted in traditions involving companions of the Imams, such as Ahmad ibn Ishaq al-Qummi.
• Reciting specific Duas and Ziyaraat (supplications and visitations) to honor Ali and the Imams is a key part of the day.
4. Historical and Cultural Significance:
• The celebration has historical roots dating back to the Buyid and Safavid eras, with formal ceremonies during the Qajar era in Iran.
• In Iraq, Eid al-Ghadir was declared an official public holiday in 2024, reflecting its growing recognition.
• The day also marks the start of the Imamate of Imam Muhammad al-Mahdi, believed to have begun on the 9th of Rabi al-Awwal in 260 AH, adding to its significance for Shia Muslims.
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