ANOVULATION
Anovulation is a common cause of infertility. It means you’re not ovulating or releasing an egg. Hormonal imbalances typically cause it, and the main symptom is having irregular vaginal bleeding. Healthcare providers treat anovulation with lifestyle changes and/or medication to help balance your Hormones
ANOVULATION often happens due to a hormone imbalance. Since multiple hormones contribute to ovulation, there can be many causes of anovulation. Because ovulation is critical to pregnancy, anovulation is a common cause of infertility.
Being aware of your menstrual cycle length and understanding how your body changes throughout your cycle can help you identify signs of anovulation. It’s important to contact a healthcare provider if you notice irregular menstrual cycles or abnormal vaginal bleeding so they can determine an underlying cause and recommend treatment.
SYMPTOMS AND CAUSES
What are the signs and symptoms of anovulation?
Being aware of the general signs of ovulation and keeping track of your menstrual cycles can help alert you to signs and symptoms of anovulation. It’s important to remember that having a period doesn’t necessarily mean you’ve ovulated. Signs and symptoms of anovulation can include:
HAVING IRREGULAR PERIODS: If the length of time in between your periods keeps changing, it’s an irregular period. The average menstrual cycle is 28 days, but it can be a couple of days shorter or longer than that.
Having very heavy or light periods: A heavy period is losing over 16 teaspoons (80 mL) of blood within your period and/or having a period that lasts longer than seven days. Blood loss of fewer than 4 teaspoons (20 mL) throughout your period is considered a light period.
CAN YOU HAVE ANOVULATION AND STILL HAVE YOUR PERIODS?
Menstruation, or getting your period, happens because an egg wasn’t fertilized by sperm. When you don’t ovulate, there’s no egg to fertilize. Because of this medical definition, you technically can’t menstruate without ovulating.
WHAT CAUSES ANOVULATION?
In general, the cause of anovulation is an imbalance of one or more hormones, especially the hormones involved in ovulation, which include:
INFERTILITY: Not ovulating can be a major period sign of hormonal imbalance, but there can be others. Other hormonal imbalance symptoms could include weight gain, hair loss and acne.
It can also increase your risk for the following health conditions:
HOW IS ANOVULATION DIAGNOSE?
In general, the diagnosis of anovulation is having irregular periods. Your healthcare provider can determine if you have anovulation by listening to your symptoms and noting that you don’t menstruate regularly.
However, your healthcare provider will want to investigate and determine the cause of your anovulation, which may lead to another diagnosis.
Many of the hormone imbalances that cause anovulation have other symptoms, so your provider may have you undergo other tests if you’re experiencing symptoms of a certain hormone imbalance condition.
MANAGEMENT AND TREATMENT
What is the treatment for anovulation?
Treatment for anovulation depends on correcting the hormonal imbalance that’s causing it, if possible.
In general, lifestyle changes that may treat your anovulation include:
MANAGING YOUR STRESS: If your healthcare provider suspects that stress could be causing anovulation, they’ll likely recommend trying to limit your stressors and using techniques such as meditation, yoga or deep breathing to better cope with stress.
Maintaining a weight that’s healthy for you: If you have obesity, your healthcare provider may recommend trying to lose weight to treat your anovulation. If you have a low body mass index (BMI), your healthcare provider may recommend gaining weight to treat your anovulation. If either of these situations applies to you, be sure to talk to your provider and/or a registered dietitian to manage your weight safely and in a way that works for you.
Decreasing your exercise frequency and intensity: If your healthcare provider suspects that your exercise routine and intensity are causing your anovulation, they may recommend limiting the amount of time you exercise and the intensity of the exercise.
If fertility and pregnancy are your goal, and lifestyle changes and/or medication don’t help to treat your anovulation, there are still ways you may be able to experience pregnancy. Talk to your healthcare provider or a fertility specialist about in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intrauterine insemination (IUI).
CAN I PREVENT ANOVULATION?
You can’t prevent anovulation, but some of the reasons you have anovulatory cycles can be due to things you can manage. Things you can help manage include:
Healthy habits: Getting enough sleep, eating nutritious foods, exercising moderately and managing stress levels can all help you regulate hormones and contribute to overall hormonal health.
Tracking your cycles: Keeping records of your cycle length and symptoms can help you identify irregularities. Note things like when you bleed and how much or if you notice a chance in your vaginal discharge. It’s also helpful to have this data for your healthcare provider.
Treating hormonal imbalances: Treating conditions like PCOS or thyroid dysfunction with medication or other treatments can increase your chances of ovulation.
Outlook / Prognosis
What is the prognosis (outlook) for anovulation?
The outlook for anovulation depends on the cause of your anovulation. In most cases, lifestyle changes, fertility drugs or medication that treats the underlying health condition can treat anovulation. If you’re experiencing perimenopause, anovulation is more difficult to treat because hormonal changes are a natural and normal part of reaching menopause. Your healthcare provider can still help treat your symptoms, though.
HOW LONG DOES ANOVULATION LAST?
Depending on the cause, anovulation can be temporary or chronic. It varies depending on your situation. Medication and/or lifestyle changes can often — but not always — treat anovulation.
CAN I GET PREGNANT IF I HAVE AOVULATION?
Lifestyle changes and/or medication can often treat anovulation, which means you’ll have an opportunity to get pregnant. But there are many other factors that contribute to a successful pregnancy.
If you’re receiving treatment for anovulation and are still having a difficult time getting pregnant, your provider may recommend in vitro fertilization (IVF) or intrauterine insemination (IUI).
You have vaginal bleeding at unpredictable and random intervals.
When you do bleed, it’s very heavy or very light, or lasts longer than one week.
You have pelvic or abdominal pain.
You haven’t been able to conceive after six months (if you’re older than 35) or one year (if you’re younger than 35) of having regular, unprotected sex.
If you’re receiving treatment for anovulation and still having issues conceiving, contact your healthcare provider or fertility specialist.
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