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.#war1965
Here are 10 key facts about the War of 1965 between India and Pakistan:
1. Conflict Origin:
The 1965 war primarily stemmed from the Kashmir dispute. Tensions escalated after Pakistan launched Operation Gibraltar, sending forces into Indian-administered Kashmir to incite rebellion.
2. Duration:
The war lasted for about 17 days, from 5 September to 22 September 1965, although skirmishes had started earlier in April over the Rann of Kutch.
3. Major Battles:
Significant battles took place at Chawinda, Lahore, Sialkot, and Khem Karan, with heavy tank and infantry engagements, especially at Chawinda, one of the largest tank battles since World War II.
4. Ceasefire:
A ceasefire was brokered by the United Nations on 22 September 1965, leading to a halt in hostilities.
5. Tashkent Agreement:
Both countries signed the Tashkent Agreement on 10 January 1966 (in the Soviet Union), mediated by Soviet Premier Alexei Kosygin, to restore peace and return to pre-war positions.
6. Air Warfare:
The war saw significant air battles. Both countries' air forces — the Pakistan Air Force (PAF) and the Indian Air Force (IAF) — claimed significant victories against each other.
7. Naval Aspect:
The naval action was limited, but the Indian Navy did carry out minor operations along the western coast.
8. Casualties and Losses:
Both sides suffered heavy losses. India reported about 3,000 military deaths, while Pakistan reported about 3,800. There were also significant civilian casualties and displacement.
9. International Reaction:
Global powers like the USA and USSR imposed arms embargoes on both nations. The war drew concern from China but did not lead to direct intervention.
10. Impact on National Psyche:
In both countries, the war boosted nationalistic sentiment. In Pakistan, it gave rise to songs and patriotic fervor, while India also celebrated the bravery of its armed forces.
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Would you also like a quick timeline or a summary of who gained and lost what after the war?
